21st Century Innovative Technologies and Developments as also discoveries, curiosity ( insolite)...

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The word “super-material” gets thrown around a lot these days — ceramic super-materials, aerogel super materials, elastomeric super materials. But one super-material overshadows them all, earning its discoverers a Nobel Prize and defining the upper limit for scientific hype and excitement. It has the potential to revolutionize processing, power storage, even space exploration… but it has yet to actually achieve much of anything. It’s called graphene, and it’s the granddaddy of the modern boom in materials science. Graphene has the potential to be one of the most disruptive single inventions of all time — but what is it, really?

Scientists have been talking about graphene for the better part of a hundred years, though not always by that name. The idea was easy enough to come up with: what if we could take a diamond and slice it into wafers just one atom thick? This would make it a so-called “two-dimensional” substance, made entirely out of carbon, yet flexible in a way that diamond cannot be. It not only has the incredible physical properties you’d expect from a sheet of crystal, widely cited as the strongest material ever created on a per-weight basis, but it also has incredibly high electrical conductivity. Being atomically small, graphene could allow much, much more tight packing of transistors in a processor, for instance, and allow many electronics industries to take huge steps forward.

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Converting CO2 into usable energy with graphene nanosheets
(Nanowerk News) Imagine if carbon dioxide (CO2) could easily be converted into usable energy. Every time you breathe or drive a motor vehicle, you would produce a key ingredient for generating fuels. Like photosynthesis in plants, we could turn CO2 into molecules that are essential for day-to-day life. Now, scientists are one step closer.

Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory are part of a scientific collaboration that has identified a new electrocatalyst that efficiently converts CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO), a highly energetic molecule.

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https://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-innovative-technologies-and-developments/?&tag=Nano

Eine neue Art von flexiblen Mikro-Superkondensatoren entwickelt von Forschern der Nanyang Technological University in Singapur scheint wie gemacht für den Einsatz in Wearables und eignet sich noch für viele andere Anwendungen wie z. B. einem Smartshirt, das Smartphones aufladen kann.

Diese Miniaturausgabe eines Superkondensators nutzt Strukturen von Mikro-Ribbons aus Graphen und ist so gebaut, dass die Anspannung an den Elektrodenfingern reduziert ist. Das verhindert Brüche und Abrisse von Elektrodenmaterial und hält die Elektrodenfinger auf relativ konstantem Abstand.

Diese Strukturen begegnen den Problemen klassische Energielieferanten wie Batterien, die dick und steif sind und sich daher nicht gut für kleine, verformbare Wearables eignen.

Graphen ist für seine Leitfähigkeit bekannt sowie für seine Zugfestigkeit und Kleinheit, aber nicht für seine Elastizität. Um Letzteres zu ändern, haben sich die Forscher für eine wellenartige Mikrostruktur entschieden und dieses Prinzip auf Graphen bzw. die Mikro-Ribbons übertragen. Diese wurden dann in den pyramidenförmigen Erhebungen eines elastischen Polymer-Chips platziert und bilden so eine wellenförmige Struktur. Dieses Kirigami-Prinzip macht den Supercap dann um 500 % flexibler, ohne die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften zu beeinträchtigen.

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https://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-innovative-technologies-and-developments/?&tag=Graphene

https://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-innovative-technologies-and-developments/?&tag=wearables