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Naturally occurring inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas9 can block genome editing in cultured
human cells, providing a means to spatially, temporally, and conditionally control
Cas9 activity.
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In this study, the scientists report the discovery of three distinct families of anti-CRISPRs that specifically inhibit the CRISPR-Cas9 system of Neisseria meningitidis. They show that these proteins bind directly to N. meningitidis Cas9 (NmeCas9) and can be used as potent inhibitors of genome editing by this system in human cells. These anti-CRISPR proteins now enable “off-switches” for CRISPR-Cas9 activity and provide a genetically encodable means to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in eukaryotes.