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Background: The objective of this study was to describe 12-month mortality following COVID-19 compared with a reference population with no history of COVID-19.
Methods: Retrospective nationwide cohort study using electronic health care data on cases (n= 66,287 COVID-19 patients) and controls (n=254,969) with linkage to SARS-CoV-2 testing and death records.
Results: People infected with COVID-19 had more than three times the risk of dying over the following year compared with those who remained uninfected. Short-term mortality (up to 5 weeks post-infection) was significantly higher among COVID-19 patients (1623/10 000) than controls (118/10 000). For COVID-19 cases over 60 years old, increased mortality persisted until the end of the first year after infection, and was related to increased risk for cardiovascular (aHR 2·1, 95%CI 1·8-2·3), cancer (aHR 1·5, 95%CI 1·2-1·9), respiratory system diseases (aHR 1·9, 95%CI 1·2-3·0), and other causes of death (aHR 1·8, 95%CI 1·4-2·2).
Conclusions: Increased risk of death from COVID-19 is not limited to the acute illness· COVID-19 infection carries a substantially increased risk of death in the following 12 months. This excess death mainly occurs in older people and is driven by broad array of causes of death.
Preprint available (The Lancet, Feb. 7, 2022):
