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Virus World

Virus World provides a daily blog of the latest news in the Virology field and the COVID-19 pandemic. News on new antiviral drugs, vaccines, diagnostic tests, viral outbreaks, novel viruses and milestone discoveries are curated by expert virologists. Highlighted news include trending and most cited scientific articles in these fields with links to the original publications. Stay up-to-date with the most exciting discoveries in the virus world and the last therapies for COVID-19 without spending hours browsing news and scientific publications. Additional comments by experts on the topics are available in Linkedin (https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanlama/detail/recent-activity/)
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PNMA2 Forms Immunogenic Non-Enveloped Virus-Like Capsids Associated with Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome

PNMA2 Forms Immunogenic Non-Enveloped Virus-Like Capsids Associated with Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome | Virus World | Scoop.it
From www.cell.com - February 1, 1:45 PM

Highlights

  • Gag-derived PNMA2 protein is released from cells as non-enveloped virus-like capsids
  • Recombinant PNMA2 capsids injected into mice induce an autoimmune reaction
  • Mouse and paraneoplastic patient PNMA2 autoantibodies bind to external capsid epitopes
  • Mice injected with PNMA2 capsids develop learning and memory deficits

Summary

The paraneoplastic Ma antigen (PNMA) proteins are associated with cancer-induced paraneoplastic syndromes that present with an autoimmune response and neurological symptoms. Why PNMA proteins are associated with this severe autoimmune disease is unclear. PNMA genes are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and are ectopically expressed in some tumors. We show that PNMA2, which has been co-opted from a Ty3 retrotransposon, encodes a protein that is released from cells as non-enveloped virus-like capsids. Recombinant PNMA2 capsids injected into mice induce autoantibodies that preferentially bind external “spike” PNMA2 capsid epitopes, whereas a capsid-assembly-defective PNMA2 protein is not immunogenic. PNMA2 autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic disease show similar preferential binding to spike capsid epitopes. PNMA2 capsid-injected mice develop learning and memory deficits. These observations suggest that PNMA2 capsids act as an extracellular antigen, capable of generating an autoimmune response that results in neurological deficits.
 
Published in Cell (Jan. 31, 2024):
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Bacteria Form Distinct Populations in Tumors Depending on the Cancer Type

Bacteria Form Distinct Populations in Tumors Depending on the Cancer Type | Virus World | Scoop.it
From www.statnews.com - June 1, 2020 4:48 PM

In what outside experts called the most rigorous and comprehensive survey of bacteria in human tumor samples, scientists have discovered distinct populations of microbes living inside different types of tumors: In other words, breast and brain and pancreatic tumors have their own characteristic microbiomes.

 

Recent research has revealed an intriguing relationship between microbes and cancer, including how bacteria in the gut can affect the way immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors or even standard chemotherapy work to shrink tumors. Now the new paper suggests the bacterial communities within tumors could be exploited to devise a new form of targeted therapies, in the same way we now develop drugs based on the molecular features of a tumor...

 

Original Research Published in Science ( May 29, 2020):

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay9189

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