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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack the joints, causing inflammation, swelling, and erosion. Specific sets of immune cells, known as T cells, are responsible for inducing disease. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers led by Harvey Cantor at Harvard University analyzed the contributions of different subsets of T cells to an RA-like condition in mice. 
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September 24, 2012 (Beijing, China) — A new approach to prognostication, developed initially for use in colorectal cancer, homes in on the body's immune response to the tumor instead of focusing on the tumor itself. The immunoscore approach measures cytotoxic T lymphocytes that infiltrate the tumor; the more there are, the stronger the immune response against the tumor. This approach has been shown to better correlate with patient prognosis. In addition, some research suggests that it could be predictive and identify patients who need further treatment. Currently, most tests used for prognostication and prediction home in on the tumor itself. Commercially available tests, such as the Oncotype DX test, use a core sample of the tumor to analyze gene mutations or gene signatures.
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RT @TeamMEDiary: CD8+ T-Cell Deficiency, Epstein-Barr Infection, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Steps to Autoimmunity: A Unifying Hypothesis
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Autoimmune Dis. 2012; 2012: 189096. Published online 2012 January 24. doi: 10.1155/2012/189096PMCID: PMC3270541CD8+ T-Cell Deficiency, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Steps to Autoimmunity: A Unifying HypothesisMichael P. Pender ConclusionsCD8+ T-cell deficiency is a general feature of chronic autoimmune diseases and also occurs in healthy blood relatives of patients with these diseases. It is proposed that this deficiency is genetically determined and underlies the development of chronic autoimmune diseases by impairing CD8+ T-cell control of EBV infection, with the result that EBV-infected autoreactive B cells accumulate in the target organ where they produce pathogenic autoantibodies and provide costimulatory survival signals to autoreactive T cells. Autoimmunity is postulated to evolve in a series of steps culminating in the development of ectopic lymphoid follicles containing EBV-infected autoreactive B cells in the target organ. It is also proposed that deprivation of sunlight and vitamin D facilitates the development of autoimmune diseases by aggravating the CD8+ T cell deficiency and thereby further impairing control of EBV. The hypothesis makes predictions which can be tested, including the prevention and successful treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases by controlling EBV infection.
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A summary in the news:
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130211/CD82b-Tregs-can-remove-pathogenic-T-cell-subsets-and-inhibit-progression-of-RA.aspx
The complete article:
J Clin Invest. doi:10.1172/JCI66938.Copyright © 2013, The American Society for Clinical Investigation.Research ArticleAmelioration of arthritis through mobilization of peptide-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells
Jianmei W. Leavenworth1,2, Xiaolei Tang1,2, Hye-Jung Kim1,2, Xiaoyang Wang1,2,3,4 and Harvey Cantor1,2