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Daily Mail Study: Culprit leading to rheumatoid arthritis discovered Asahi Shimbun “We can expect to develop a drug that is targeted at denatured proteins to dissolve them, or a method of examination that will allow doctors to make a diagnosis of... 
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
AUSTIN, Texas — Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have developed a menu of 61 new strains of genetically engineered bacteria that may improve the efficacy of vaccines for diseases such as flu, pertussis, cholera and HPV. The strains of E. coli, which were described in a paper published this month in the journal PNAS, are part of a new class of biological “adjuvants” that is poised to transform vaccine design. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to boost the human immune response. “For 70 years the only adjuvants being used were aluminum salts,” said Stephen Trent, associate professor of biology in the College of Natural Sciences. “They worked, but we didn’t fully understand why, and there were limitations. Then four years ago the first biological adjuvant was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. I think what we’re doing is a step forward from that. It’s going to allow us to design vaccines in a much more intentional way.”
Direct link to PNAS journal: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/01/02/1218080110.full.pdf+html?sid=8af16f0f-4abd-44eb-92d2-8e2cc82e7e72
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Scientists show that mice housed at room temperature are less able to fight tumors.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
K.M. Kokolus et al., “Baseline tumor growth and immune control in laboratory mice are significantly influenced by subthermoneutral housing temperature,” PNAS, doi:10.1073/pnas.1304291110, 2013.
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Significance
Cellular misfolded proteins are transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules via association with the peptide-binding groove without processing to peptides. We found that IgG heavy chain is transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules. Furthermore, IgG heavy chain associated with MHC class II molecules is recognized by autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Autoantibody binding to IgG heavy chain complexed with different MHC class II alleles was strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility conferred by certain MHC class II alleles. These findings suggest that misfolded proteins complexed with MHC class II molecules could be targets for autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases, which might be involved in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
Link to PNAS publication: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/02/19/1401105111.short