大麻 - Marijuana, Japanese Sacred Herb

Follow along with a liveblog of the end of commercial cannabis prohibition in California via GreenState, with correspondents from across the state.

California voters approved marijuana legalization Proposition 64 Tuesday night, and readers are sending in a lot of questions about the practical application of the new law. Below, we’ve assembled some answers to the most frequently asked questions, in consultation with cannabis researchers Amanda Reiman (PhD, Social Welfare, UC Berkeley, manager of Marijuana Law and Policy at the Drug Policy Alliance and a spokesperson for Yes on 64), as well as Paul Armentano (Deputy Director of California NORML) and links to the leading studies. If you are not a medical marijuana patient, you can go into a store and buy marijuana some time after Jan. 1, 2018, the deadline for the state to begin issuing licenses. Adults 21 and over can gift other adults up to one ounce of marijuana and can also grow up to 6 plants in their residence or outside in an enclosed structure like a greenhouse. Cannabis is a botanical drug substance that primarily exists as the dried flower buds from unfertilized female plants. In 2004, lawmakers passed the Medical Marijuana Program Act, which created identification cards for medical pot patients, as well as collective defenses against prosecution that gave rise to dispensaries — legal medical marijuana shops. In 2015, lawmakers moved to regulate medical cannabis from seed to sale with the Medical Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act, which establishes state-level regulation and licensing for medical cannabis. In other legalization states, there is no concrete evidence that driving under the influence of marijuana has increased, though there have been increases in funding and establishment of methods for testing drivers’ blood for marijuana. A number of studies show very little or no increased crash risk for drivers who have used cannabis. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Safety Administration in a 2015 paper, carefully controlled studies that actually measured marijuana (THC) use by drivers rather than relying on self-report, and that had more actual control of covariates that could bias the results, generally show reduced risk estimates or no risk associated with marijuana use (Elvik, 2013). ... There was no difference in crash risk for marijuana (THC)-positive drivers who were also positive for alcohol than for marijuana (THC)-positive drivers with no alcohol, beyond the risk attributable to alcohol. ... The results of this study are In line with the previous research on the effects of marijuana on the risk of crash involvement. “With a lifetime dependence risk of 9% in marijuana users vs 32% for nicotine, 23% for heroin, 17% for cocaine, and 15% for alcohol, the addiction risk with marijuana is not as high as that for other drugs of abuse,” Mayo Clinic researchers stated in 2012. Well-controlled large studies of marijuana users have found no increase in incidence of lung cancer among long-time smokers. The active ingredients in cannabis have been shown in numerous lab, cell and animal studies to be anti-cancer agents. There is no functional fatal overdose amount for THC, because the drug cannot fatally supress respiratory or heart function like alcohol or opioids do. Adults 21 and over can keep their harvest in excess of one ounce, so long as it stays on the property, though they can still gift their harvest to other adults 21 and over. Cities and counties can ban outdoor recreational cannabis cultivation, and some already have. In the next 45 days, the state of California will spend $5 million on a public education campaign and $30 million to pay for regulators to begin to draft rules for the legal cannabis industry. Treat pot like alcohol, prescription drugs, vitamins, ibuprofen and other substances for which you would restrict child access. Keep marijuana, especially edible marijuana, in a locked enclosure, up and away from children, teens, pets or unsuspecting adults. In the event of accidental exposure, monitor and provide rest and hydration. Patient outcomes from accidental exposure to marijuana are almost always a quick full recovery, unless there was some mitigating factor. People with a family or personal history of mental illness should avoid using marijuana, alcohol and other drugs unless instructed to do so by a doctor. Psychosis is defined as loss of contact with external reality, and can be brought on by lack of sleep, too much caffeine, alcohol, stress, trauma and other factors. Cannabis overexposure — like alcohol exposure — can cause transient symptoms associated with psychosis, like alterations in perceptions of space and time, as well as sensory alterations. A 2013 study published in Schizophrenia Research concluded that “having an increased familial morbid risk for schizophrenia may be the underlying basis for schizophrenia in cannabis users and not cannabis use by itself.” Employers have the right to maintain a drug-free workplace under Prop. 64, meaning they can fire employees for showing up to work high or testing positive for marijuana byproducts in their urine — even if last use of marijuana was off-work hours days or weeks prior to testing.

As California gears up to legalize recreational marijuana, wealthy investors are rushing to back new products, both for health and for pleasure.

If California legalizes recreational marijuana, it could affect the entire country.